Treponema pallidum antibodies, Western Blot

LBC monolayer cytology + HPV DNA 2 (genotype 6, 11)

Clinical significance

Cytology is a prophylactic examination that should be performed prophylactically, every year during a routine gynecological examination. Cyclic cytological examinations should begin after the age of 25, but not póź later than the age of 30. In the case of early initiation of cohabitation, cytology should be performed no more than 3 years after sexual initiation. In women 30 years of age and older whoóre not found to have lesions and whoóre found to have normal 3 consecutive cytology results, and in women after removal of the uterus including the cervix due to benign lesions, screening cytology can be performed every 3 years. In women infected with HIV, HPV type of high oncogenic risk, taking immunosuppressive drugs, treated in the past for mediastinal neoplasia (CIN2,CIN3) or cervical cancer, examinations should be performed at least once a year. Cytologic examination over a period of more than 12 months should be performed in women whoóre not found to have cells from the transformation zone or endocervix in previous cytologic smears, as well as if the legibility of previous smears is poor due to inflammation, admixture of mucus or blood. The presence of certain characteristic chambersórek in the cytological examination can suggest infections with herpes virus, human papillomavirus, chlamydiosis, vitamin deficiencies, radiation lesions and the presence of an IUD. It also allows to assess the phase of the menstrual cycle and indirectly the secretion of sex hormonesów. It gives the opportunity to eliminate certain infections that affect the process of procreation, the course of pregnancy and the health of the newborn. The presence of coilocytesów suggests HPV infection, which allows to broaden the diagnosis and, if necessary, implement cervical cancer prevention early enough. In 75% of women and about 50% of men infected with chlamydia, there are no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they appear within 60 days of sexual intercourse with an infected person, usually one to three weeks after infection. Disturbing symptoms: Unfortunately, the early forms of cervical cancer are virtually asymptomatic, but already in the early stages of the disease there may be some symptoms that shouldóre a warning to the patient. These include recurrent vaginal inflammation with uncharacteristic discharge, minor bleeding or spotting after sexual intercourse, itching or burning in the vagina, and sometimes increased vaginal wetness. Symptoms become more troublesome and more characteristic with the advancement of cervical lesions. What should prompt the patient to perform an examination include: watery discharge in the nature of "meat washings," frequent contact and intermenstrual bleeding, foul-smelling discharge, sometimes colored with blood. A serious warning is bóle radiating to the lower extremities, ból during intercourse and bóle in the lower abdomen. Unfortunately, even these symptoms, because they appear with ró¿ intensity, are very often ignored by patients, whoóre considering them insignificant and temporary complaints. HPV (from Human Papillomavirus) is a human papillomavirus thatós often instrumental in the formation of cervical cancer. It is a common virus. Transmission of infection most often occurs during sexual contact (genital-genital, oral-genital and anal-genital). When HPV-caused lesions are located on the external genitalia (on the penis, vulva) there is a possibility of transmission through underwear or a towel, but these are very rare situations. HPV infects the genitourinary organs, attacking mainly the epithelium. The peak incidence of HPV infection in men and women is between the ages of 15 and 25. The frequency of infection decreases with age. Among HPV-positive women, pathological changes observed in cytological material are found in 5-10% of those tested. The peak incidence of cervical cancer is noted in women between the ages of 45 and 59. HPV testing is recommended for: - for women and men, between the ages of 15 and 25 - when the peak of HPV infections occurs - when screening is performed in women over 30 - when we verify abnormal cytology results - after treatment of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer - when recurrent inflammation of dróg of the genital tract (urethritis, gastritis or inflammation of the glans or foreskin in men) - during pregnancy (massive infection of the genital dróg with HPV can be transmitted to the child and cause congenital papillomatosis of the larynx) Effective prevention of diseases resulting from HPV infection depends primarily on the timing of diagnosis of the infection. Prompt diagnosis increases the likelihood of cure many times over.

Patient preparation

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