Urine examination

General urinalysis

General urinalysis is a basic preventive test that should be performed regularly at least once every 2-3 years.

The general urine examination consists of:

Physical characteristics, which include:

• color,
• transparency,
• reaction,
• specific gravity,

Chemical characteristics, which include:

• protein,
• glucose,
• ketone bodies,
• bilirubin,
• urobilinogen,
• nitrite,
• blood
• blood (hemoglobin),

An abnormal result for individual parameters may indicate kidney and urinary tract disease, liver disease, pancreatic disease, heart disease, as well as systemic disease, including inflammation.


The following is an example of the abnormal result
Any abnormal result should be consulted with a doctor.

When to perform a urine test?

Beyond basic prevention, a general urine test and consultation with a doctor should be considered by those who:

• feel a burning sensation or pain when urinating,
• feel a sense of constant urge to urinate or have difficulty urinating,
• notice a disturbing urine color (such as red or brown), clouding or other changes.

The urinalysis will provide important information so that the doctor can order therapeutic treatment and other laboratory tests.