Fecal Occult Blood Test (FIT Method)

Why is testing for occult blood in stool so important?

Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in Europe. It often develops silently for many years, without any noticeable symptoms, and is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage when treatment options are limited. Regular screening with tests such as FIT makes it possible to detect cancerous or precancerous changes, like polyps, at an early stage.

A positive test result does not necessarily mean cancer. It can also be caused by other sources of bleeding, such as hemorrhoids, stomach ulcers, intestinal inflammation, diverticulosis, or benign polyps. Regardless of the reason, any positive result requires further diagnostics, most importantly a colonoscopy, to determine the cause of bleeding.

When should you have a FIT test?

The FIT test should be performed regularly, even in the absence of symptoms. It is especially recommended for people:

• over 50 years of age – the risk of colorectal cancer increases with age,
• with a family history of colorectal cancer,
• with chronic intestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease,
• with a family history of familial adenomatous polyposis,
• diagnosed with other cancers at a young age or when cancers occurred in multiple family generations.

FIT testing is also advised when experiencing concerning symptoms such as:

• visible or dark traces of blood in stool,
• rectal bleeding,
• recurrent abdominal or lower back pain,
• persistent diarrhea or constipation,
• bloating, heaviness, or feeling of incomplete bowel movement,
• nausea, vomiting, or difficulty swallowing,
• long-lasting digestive problems, anemia, fatigue, or low-grade fever.

How does the FIT test work?

The FIT test is based on immunochemical methods and detects human hemoglobin in stool. It is highly specific, as it reacts only to blood originating from the lower gastrointestinal tract, increasing its diagnostic value. Unlike older stool tests, FIT does not require dietary restrictions or avoiding medications that could interfere with results.

The sample material is stool, collected at home using a special container provided for the test. In the laboratory, the analysis is automated, reducing human error and ensuring reliable results.

How to prepare and collect a stool sample?

No special preparation or diet is required for the FIT test. However, it is important to follow proper collection procedures:

• obtain a special collection container with a built-in spatula from a pharmacy,
• use a clean, dry container (such as a disposable basin) instead of a toilet,
• on the day of sampling, empty the bladder first, then pass stool into the prepared container,
• using the spatula, collect stool samples the size of a nut from 2–3 different areas,
• do not collect samples during menstruation or within 3 days before or after,
• tightly close the container and store it in the refrigerator until delivery to the laboratory,
• the sample remains stable for up to 72 hours at 2–8°C.

Following these simple steps ensures that the test result will be accurate and valid for interpretation.

Clinical relevance and result interpretation

Regular FIT testing plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer prevention. A negative result provides reassurance and may help avoid unnecessary invasive procedures. A positive result, while not always indicating cancer, is a clear signal for further diagnostic steps, especially colonoscopy.

Early detection of cancerous or precancerous lesions significantly increases the chances of successful treatment and recovery. For this reason, experts recommend taking the FIT test at least once a year, especially for individuals at risk.

Why choose Synevo for FIT testing?

By performing the FIT test at Synevo laboratories, patients benefit from:

• analysis based on modern immunochemical methods,
• professional handling and reliable results ensured by automated systems,
• access to a broad range of preventive and diagnostic tests,
• convenient online access to results,
• support from experienced and qualified medical staff.

The Fecal Occult Blood Test (FIT method) at Synevo is a simple, safe, and highly effective way to monitor bowel health and protect against one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers.